Strand 2.5 Home and Leisure: Digital Entertainment

(Films, photographs, music, arts, online and digital games, gambling, virtual worlds)

Past Exam Questions

Nov 2008 Paper 2 -
Nov 2010 paper 2 -

News Articles

Finger Painting (Ye Eun)
Jorge Colombo, an American artist purchased iPad for his own entertainment.
Because he is artist, he was interested in art applications and downloaded one called, "Brushes".
Advantages he found are
-He can finish one painting in less than an hour
-can share with many people by uploading
-No hesitation in painting because of "Undo" feature. Unlike real painting, he can try different things and just cancel some strokes by pressing Undo button
-He can paint in the dark. Before ipad, he had to have flash light in the dark to paint.
-Comfortable drawing and painting while traveling because pedestrians just assume that he is checking his email.

There is also a companion application called "Brush Viewer".
This allows him to record each step of how Colombo composed the artwork.
People can learn Colombo's techniques he used by watching the video.

Research

2.5_digital_entertainment

Trends and Issues

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Image File Formats

GIF, JPG, PNG examples and explanations

Table: Common Image File Formats

Name and Current Version	TIFF 6.0 (Tagged Image File Format)	GIF 89a (Graphics Interchange Format)	JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group)/JFIF (JPEG File Interchange Format)	JP2-JPX/ JPEG 2000	Flashpix� 1.0.2	ImagePac, Photo CD	PNG 1.2 (Portable Network Graphics)�	PDF 1.4� (Portable Document Format)
Extension(s)	.tif, .tiff	.gif	.jpeg, jpg, .jif, .jfif	.jp2, .jpx, .j2k, .j2c	.fpx	.pcd	.png	.pdf
Bit-depth(s)	1-bit bitonal; 4- or 8-bit grayscale or palette color; up to 64-bit color[1]	1-8 bit bitonal, grayscale, or color	8-bit grayscale; 24-bit color	supports up to 214 channels, each with 1-38 bits; gray or color	8-bit grayscale; 24 bit color	24-bit color	1-48-bit; 1/2/4/8-bit palette color or grayscale, 16-bit grayscale, 24/48-bit truecolor	4-bit grayscale; 8-bit color; up to 64-bit color support
Compression	Uncompressed Lossless: ITU-T.6, LZW, etc. Lossy: JPEG	Lossless: LZW[2]	Lossy: JPEG Lossless:[3]	Uncompressed Lossless/Lossy: Wavelet	Uncompressed Lossy: JPEG	Lossy: “Visually lossless” Kodak proprietary format[4]	Lossless: Deflate, an LZ77 derivative	Uncompressed Lossless: ITU-T.6, LZW. JBIG Lossy: JPEG
Standard/ Proprietary	De facto standard	De facto standard	JPEG: ISO 10918-1/2 JFIF: de facto standard[5]	ISO/IEC 15444 parts 1-6, 8-11	Publicly available specification	Proprietary	ISO 15948 (anticipated)[6]	De facto standard[7]
Color Mgmt.	RGB, Palette, YCbCr,[8] CMYK, CIE L*a*b*	Palette	YCbCr	Palette, YCbCr, RGB, sRGB, some ICC[9]	PhotoYCC and NIF RGB,[10] ICC (optional)	PhotoYCC	Palette, sRGB, ICC	RGB, YCbCr, CMYK
Web Support	Plug-in or external application	Native since Microsoft� Internet Explorer 3, Netscape Navigator� 2	Native since Microsoft� Internet Explorer 2, Netscape Navigator� 2	Plug-in	Plug-in	Java™ applet or external application	Native since Microsoft� Internet Explorer 4, Netscape� Navigator 4.04, (but still incomplete)	Plug-in or external application
Metadata Support	Basic set of labeled tags	Free-text comment field	Free-text comment field	Basic set of labeled tags[11]	Extensive set of labeled tags	Through external databases; no inherent metadata	Basic set of labeled tags plus user-defined tags.	Basic set of labeled tags
Comments	Supports multiple images/file[12]	May be replaced by PNG; interlacing and transparency support by most Web browsers	Progressive JPEG widely supported by Web browsers[13]	Multiple resolutions, progressive display, tiling, region of interest coding and many other advanced features	Provides multiple resolutions of each image; wide industry support, but limited current applications	Provides 5 or 6 different resolutions of each image; unclear future	May replace GIF, though market penetration has been spotty	Preferred for printing and viewing multipage documents; strong government use
Home Page	Unofficial TIFF home page	GIF specification	JPEG home page	JPEG 2000 home page	FlashPix home page	Photo CD home page	PNG home page	PDF home page specs

Table: Common Image File Formats